Electroreduction of divanillin to polyvanillin in an electrochemical flow reactor

BMC Chemistry

Table 2 Comparison of the performance of divanillin reduction of this study with the literature

Cathode	Catholyte	Electrochemical parameters	Cell configuration	Applied charge/ F mol⁻¹	Molecular weight/ g mol⁻¹	STY^d/ kg l⁻¹ h⁻¹	E_s^d/ kWh kg⁻¹	Refs.
Zn	0.3 M divanillin + 1 M NaOH	Galvanostatic 54 mA cm⁻²	Divided flow reactor in recirculation mode	8	M_w = 3709^b M_n = 2094^b	0.206	2.72	This study
Zn	0.1 M divanillin + 1 M NaOH	Galvanostatic 60 mA cm⁻²	H-type batch cell (50 mL catholyte)	8	M_w = 3016^b M_n = 2201^b	0.006	5.70^e	[22]
Zn	0.3 M divanillin + 1 M NaOH	Galvanostatic 60 mA cm⁻²	H-type batch cell (50 mL catholyte)	8	M_w = 3208^b M_n = 2344^b	0.007	6.62^e	[22]
Pb	0.175 M divanillin + 1 M NaOH	Galvanostatic using 12 V supply (1.1 A for 3 h)^a	Divided beaker cell (20 mL catholyte)	17.6	M_w = 16066^c M_n = 10729^c	0.016	40.91^f	[25]

^aCurrent density cannot be stated, as immersed area of electrodes (2.5*9 cm²) in the electrolyte was not given
^bVersus pullulan standard
^cAvarage from 6 polymerization trials. No calibration standard stated (SEC performed with DMF as solvent)
^dCalculated using isolated yield of polyvanillin after electrolysis. ^eAvarage cell voltage of 6.5 V
^fAssuming a cell voltage of 12 V (power supply)

ISSN: 2661-801X