Fig. 5From: Cluster energy prediction based on multiple strategy fusion whale optimization algorithm and light gradient boosting machinePrediction results and error distribution for the MSFWOA-LightGBM model on the training and test sets. a Scatter of predicted and experimental values on the training set; b Scatter of predicted and experimental values on the test set; c The error distribution for the training set; d The error distribution for the test setBack to article page