From: Diagnostic techniques in deflagration and detonation studies
Strain rate | Equipment | Stimulus duration | Comment |
---|---|---|---|
10−6–10−2 | Instron | 100 s of seconds | Quasi-static loading |
10+2–10+3 | Drop weight | 10 s milliseconds | Generally used to determine impact ignition thresholds |
10+2–10+3 | Hopkinson bars | 100 s microseconds | Compression, tension and torsion loading. Extensively used for PBX formulations. Constitutive models |
10+4–10+5 | Miniature Hopkinson bar | 10 s microseconds | For fine grain materials or single crystals. Generally metals |
10+3–10+6 | Taylor impact | 10 s microseconds | Sometimes used for metal jacketed energetic samples |
10+5–10+8 | Plate impact | Microseconds | Pressures and durations similar to that of gap tests. Laser driven flier plates have sub-microsecond duration high-intensity shocks |