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Table 1 Experimental designs and the results of CCD

From: Ultrasound-assisted lipase-catalyzed synthesis of D-isoascorbyl palmitate: process optimization and Kinetic evaluation

Run

A(X1)a

B( X2)b

C(X3)c

D(X4)d

Conversion rate (%)

I II Average predicted

1

-1

-1

-1

-1

49.00

37.50

38.25 ± 1.06

40.81

2

1

-1

-1

-1

49.77

47.47

48.62 ± 1.63

49.85

3

-1

1

-1

-1

70.77

67.95

69.36 ± 2.00

69.55

4

1

1

-1

-1

72.66

69.04

70.85 ± 2.56

73.65

5

-1

-1

1

-1

45.99

34.31

40.15 ± 8.26

46.72

6

1

-1

1

-1

51.90

56.00

53.95 ± 2.90

57.31

7

-1

1

1

-1

77.98

77.50

77.74 ± 0.34

75.84

8

1

1

1

-1

81.98

79.62

80.8 ± 1.68

81.80

9

-1

-1

-1

1

60.21

56.53

58.37 ± 2.60

61.21

10

1

-1

-1

1

66.99

71.85

69.42 ± 3.44

73.48

11

-1

1

-1

1

76.09

78.47

77.28 ± 1.69

76.08

12

1

1

-1

1

85.99

86.91

86.45 ± 0.65

83.42

13

-1

-1

1

1

65.33

70.65

67.99 ± 3.76

67.34

14

1

-1

1

1

76.00

79.62

77.81 ± 2.55

81.86

15

-1

1

1

1

82.98

77.58

80.28 ± 3.83

82.59

16

1

1

1

1

90.09

93.69

91.89 ± 2.55

91.48

17

-2

0

0

0

62.90

56.84

59.87 ± 4.29

57.35

18

2

0

0

0

78.90

78.02

78.46 ± 0.63

75.27

19

0

-2

0

0

56.09

63.65

59.87 ± 5.34

51.05

20

0

2

0

0

88.98

85.02

87.00 ± 2.80

90.11

21

0

0

-2

0

70.02

60.50

65.26 ± 6.73

63.39

22

0

0

2

0

80.99

81.39

81.19 ± 0.28

77.36

23

0

0

0

-2

63.60

57.30

60.45 ± 4.45

55.54

24

0

0

0

2

85.99

87.43

86.71 ± 1.02

85.07

25

0

0

0

0

56.99

59.93

58.46 ± 2.07

58.43

26

0

0

0

0

58.46

59.45

58.95 ± 0.07

58.43

27

0

0

0

0

60.09

56.83

58.46 ± 2.31

58.43

28

0

0

0

0

58.46

57.51

57.98 ± 0.67

58.43

29

0

0

0

0

60.82

55.18

58.00 ± 3.99

58.43

30

0

0

0

0

58.46

59.01

58.73 ± 0.39

58.43

  1. a: X1:Temperature; b: X2: Molar ratio (D-isoascorbic: palmitic acid);
  2. c: X3: Enzyme load; d: X4: Ultrasound power.