Fig. 20

Schematic of the chip used to create double bi-layered vesicles, inserts are micrographs highlighting the various stages of vesicle production; droplet generation, transport and docking. After lipid deposition the contrast between vesicle and surrounding fluid is weakened; bottom images show docked droplet before and after lipid deposition and with fluorescent labelled lipid layer. Schematic illustration of (a) lipid deposition on docked droplet of cytoplasmic fluid stabilising the droplet, b exchange of lipid solution to oil–lipid 2, c–d as oil–lipid 2 is exchanged with extracellular aqueous solution the first lipid bilayer is formed, e–h second lipid bi-layer formed through systematic replacement of surrounding fluid. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [36, 41]. Copyright 2013 Macmillan Publishers Limited