Characterization of volatile compounds of Daucus crinitusDesf. Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction as alternative technique to Hydrodistillation

El Amine Dib, Mohammed; Djabou, Nassim; Desjobert, Jean-Marie; Allali, Houcine; Tabti, Boufeldja; Muselli, Alain; Costa, Jean

doi:10.1186/1752-153X-4-16

Table 4 Volatile components extracted by HS-SPME from umbels and flowers of Daucus crinitus Desf

From: Characterization of volatile compounds of Daucus crinitusDesf. Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction as alternative technique to Hydrodistillation

No.^a	Components^£	lRI_a^b	RI_a^c	Umbels^d				Flowers^d
				A	B	C	D	A	B	C	D
1a	Heptane	700	702	tr	tr	0.1 ± 0.01	tr	tr	0.1 ± 0.01	tr	tr
1b	3-methyl 1-Butanol	717	710	tr	tr	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	-	-	-	-
1c	Hexanal	780	767	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	tr	tr	0.2 ± 0.01	0.3 ± 0.07	0.6 ± 0.01	0.8 ± 0.01
1d	Hex-5-en-1-ol	820	820	tr	tr	tr	0.1 ± 0.01	-	-	-	-
1e	2-Heptanone	871	870	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1	Nonane	906	902	0.2 ± 0.07	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.2 ± 0.01	0.5 ± 0.07	0.4 ± 0.07
2	α-Pinene	936	931	0.2 ± 0.01	0.2 ± 0.01	0.2 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.7 ± 0.07	0.5 ± 0.14	0.7 ± 0.01	0.8 ± 0.01
2a	Camphene	950	943	0.1 ± 0.01	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
3	Sabinene	973	966	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
3a	2-pentyl Furan	981	978	0.1 ± 0.01	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
5	Myrcene	987	981	0.6 ± 0.01	0.2 ± 0.01	0.6 ± 0.07	0.2 ± 0.01	0.6 ± 0.01	0.5 ± 0.07	2.2 ± 0.14	2.1 ± 0.07
5a	α-Phellandrene	1002	991	1.1 ± 0.01	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
5b	3-methyl butyl Isobutyrate	994	997	0.5 ± 0.07	0.3 ± 0.01	0.6 ± 0.07	0.7 ± 0.07	0.4 ± 0.01	0.3 ± 0.01	0.4 ± 0.07	0.3 ± 0.01
6	Decane	993	998	tr	tr	0.1 ± 0.01	tr	-	-	-	-
6a	2- methyl butyl Isobutyrate	1004	999	-	0.2 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01
7	p-Cymene	1015	1012	0.8 ± 0.07	9.7 ± 0.14	0.6 ± 0.01	0.6 ± 0.07	0.2 ± 0.01	0.2 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.2 ± 0.01
9	Limonene	1025	1026	1.8 ± 0.21	1.6 ± 0.07	1.8 ± 0.14	2.3 ± 0.28	0.7 ± 0.14	0.7 ± 0.07	1.1 ± 0.14	2.2 ± 0.28
10	(E)-β-Ocimene	1041	1037	0.1 ± 0.01	0.2 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	tr	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01
11	γ-Terpinene	1051	1049	0.4 ± 0.07	0.7 ± 0.14	0.5 ± 0.01	0.4 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	tr	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01
12	1-Octanol	1061	1056	0.2 ± 0.01	0.6 ± 0.07	0.5 ± 0.01	0.6 ± 0.07	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.2 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01
13	2-methyl Decane	1068	1065	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
14	Nonanal	1076	1074	0.3 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.2 ± 0.07	-	-	-	-
15	α-Terpinolene	1082	1079	0.3 ± 0.01	0.3 ± 0.01	0.3 ± 0.01	0.3 ± 0.01	-	-	-	-
15a	2-Nonanol	1085	1080	tr	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	tr	-	-	-	-
17	Undecane	1100	1098	0.3 ± 0.07	0.3 ± 0.01	0.3 ± 0.01	0.2 ± 0.07	0.1 ± 0.01	tr	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01
17a	Limonene 1-2-epoxide	1117	1113	tr	tr	-	tr	tr	0.2 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	tr
17b	Camphor	1123	1120	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	tr	0.1 ± 0.01	-	tr
17c	n-hexyl Isobutyrate	1127	1126	0.5 ± 0.07	0.5 ± 0.01	0.5 ± 0.01	0.6 ± 0.14	-	-	-	-
17d	Cryptone	1160	1158	tr	tr	0.1 ± 0.01	tr	tr	tr	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01
19	Terpinen-4-ol	1164	1161	tr	tr	-	0.1 ± 0.01	tr	0.2 ± 0.01	0.3 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01
19a	3-methyl Undecane	1170	1165	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
19b	Estragole	1175	1169	0.1 ± 0.01	0.4 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	-	-	-	-
21	Decanal	1188	1187	tr	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	-	-	-	-
22	Dodecane	1200	1198	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
22a	γ-Octanolide	1208	1208	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.2 ± 0.01	0.2 ± 0.01	0.4 ± 0.07
22b	Chavicol	1219	1214	2.3 ± 0.28	1.7 ± 0.01	2.0 ± 0.14	1.7 ± 0.28	tr	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	tr
22c	2-Nonanyl acetate	1224	1220	tr	tr	-	0.1 ± 0.01	0.7 ± 0.14	0.9 ± 0.01	0.7 ± 0.01	0.8 ± 0.14
23	Decanol	1263	1259	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.2 ± 0.01	0.2 ± 0.07	0.5 ± 0.07	0.2 ± 0.01	0.4 ± 0.01	0.4 ± 0.07
23a	Trans-Anethol	1262	1260	0.5 ± 0.01	tr	0.1 ± 0.01	0.5 ± 0.07	0.4 ± 0.01	0.3 ± 0.07	0.6 ± 0.01	0.5 ± 0.01
24	Nonanoic acid	1263	1263	2.3 ± 0.21	0.2 ± 0.07	-	-	0.5 ± 0.14	0.5 ± 0.07	0.7 ± 0.07	0.4 ± 0.01
24a	Benzyl isobutyrate	1269	1266	-	-	-	-	0.3 ± 0.01	0.5 ± 0.01	0.5 ± 0.01	0.5 ± 0.01
24b	Undecan-2-one	1273	1268	0.2 ± 0.01	0.3 ± 0.01	0.3 ± 0.01	0.3 ± 0.01	0.3 ± 0.01	0.2 ± 0.01	0.4 ± 0.01	0.2 ± 0.01
25	Undecanal	1290	1280	0.3 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.2 ± 0.01	0.4 ± 0.01	0.2 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.4 ± 0.01
26	Tridecane	1300	1292	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.2 ± 0.0	0.1 ± 0.01	0.2 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.2 ± 0.01	0.2 ± 0.01
26a	Isochavicol	1313	1315	15.2 ± 1.34	9.1 ± 0.57	15.5 ± 0.42	7.1 ± 0.49	31.8 ± 1.34	34.7 ± 1.27	29.6 ± 0.99	32.9 ± 1.13
27	n-Octyl isobutyrate	1329	1325	0.4 ± 0.07	0.2 ± 0.01	0.3 ± 0.01	0.2 ± 0.01	0.8 ± 0.07	0.7 ± 0.01	0.4 ± 0.01	0.5 ± 0.01
28	Neryl acetate	1342	1336	0.2 ± 0.01	0.3 ± 0.01	0.3 ± 0.01	0.3 ± 0.01	0.3 ± 0.01	0.2 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01
29	Decannoic acid	1347	1348	0.2 ± 0.01	tr	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	-	-	-	-
30	Benzyl 2-methyl butyrate	1360	1352	tr	0.2 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.3 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.5 ± 0.01	0.3 ± 0.01
31	Geranyl acetate	1362	1359	0.7 ± 0.14	0.7 ± 0.07	0.7 ± 0.07	0.7 ± 0.07	0.6 ± 0.07	0.3 ± 0.01	0.2 ± 0.01	0.7 ± 0.01
33	α-Copaene	1379	1372	0.3 ± 0.14	0.4 ± 0.01	0.5 ± 0.01	0.4 ± 0.01	0.6 ± 0.14	0.4 ± 0.01	0.6 ± 0.01	0.6 ± 0.07
34	β-Bourbonene	1386	1376	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.2 ± 0.01	0.2 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01
35	Dodecanal	1389	1390	0.4 ± 0.07	0.6 ± 0.01	0.6 ± 0.01	0.5 ± 0.07	0.5 ± 0.14	0.5 ± 0.01	0.8 ± 0.14	0.4 ± 0.01
36	Tetradecane	1400	1403	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01
37	Longifolene	1411	1409	tr	tr	tr	tr	0.6 ± 0.01	0.5 ± 0.01	0.7 ± 0.01	0.3 ± 0.07
38	α-Santalene	1422	1415	-	-	-	-	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01
39	β-Caryophyllene	1421	1424	5.1 ± 0.28	5.8 ± 0.01	4.2 ± 0.14	5.4 ± 0.42	0.1 ± 0.01	tr	0.2 ± 0.01	tr
40	Dauca-3,8-diene	1428	1426	tr	tr	tr	tr	0.2 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.10	0.3 ± 0.07	0.5 ± 0.07
41	Trans-α-bergamotene	1432	1432	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.2 ± 0.01	0.7 ± 0.07	0.4 ± 0.07	0.6 ± 0.07	0.5 ± 0.07
42	(E)-β-Farnesene	1446	1443	0.4 ± 0.01	tr	0.3 ± 0.01	0.2 ± 0.01	0.7 ± 0.07	0.5 ± 0.07	1.1 ± 0.01	0.7 ± 0.01
43	α-Humulene	1455	1451	tr	0.4 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.2 ± 0.07	0.3 ± 0.01	0.3 ± 0.01	0.3 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01
45	Dodecanol	1472	1470	6.0 ± 0.14	6.8 ± 0.49	7.1 ± 0.35	7.6 ± 0.42	1.9 ± 0.28	3.6 ± 0.14	2.6 ± 0.07	2.0 ± 0.14
46	α-Curcumene	1473	1474	0.8 ± 0.21	tr	0.5 ± 0.01	0.3 ± 0.01	0.5 ± 0.05	0.4 ± 0.01	0.7 ± 0.07	0.3 ± 0.01
47	Germacrene-D	1479	1478	0.2 ± 0.01	1.0 ± 0.01	0.9 ± 0.01	0.7 ± 0.07	0.5 ± 0.01	0.2 ± 0.01	0.5 ± 0.01	0.5 ± 0.01
49	Zingiberene	1489	1483	tr	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.5 ± 0.01	0.3 ± 0.01	0.8 ± 0.07	0.4 ± 0.01
50	Pentadecane	1500	1497	8.9 ± 0.57	5.9 ± 0.20	4.1 ± 0.28	3.6 ± 0.21	14.2 ± 0.49	12.5 ± 0.35	14.0 ± 0.64	12.9 ± 0.49
51	δ-cadinene	1520	1514	0.8 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.6 ± 0.01	0.7 ± 0.07	0.5 ± 0.01	0.2 ± 0.01	0.4 ± 0.01	0.4 ± 0.01
52	Geranyl butyrate	1534	1530	tr	0.4 ± 0.01	0.5 ± 0.01	0.4 ± 0.07	tr	0.1 ± 0.01	tr	0.1 ± 0.01
53	Isochavicol isobutyrate	1546	1541	26.7 ± 1.20	49.4 ± 0.99	40.3 ± 1.70	51.8 ± 0.64	14.3 ± 0.01	15.4 ± 0.64	18.2 ± 0.49	19.7 ± 0.57
56	Caryophyllene oxyde	1578	1572	1.0 ± 0.01	0.6 ± 0.01	1.1 ± 0.01	0.9 ± 0.01	-	-	-	-
57	Dodecyl acetate	1585	1580	0.7 ± 0.14	0.6 ± 0.01	0.6 ± 0.07	0.7 ± 0.07	0.4 ± 0.01	0.5 ± 0.01	0.3 ± 0.01	0.2 ± 0.01
58	α-Cedrol	1603	1596	0.6 ± 0.07	0.3 ± 0.01	0.4 ± 0.01	0.6 ± 0.01	1.9 ± 0.35	1.4 ± 0.01	1.1 ± 0.14	1.4 ± 0.14
59	Hexadecane	1600	1599	0.1 ± 0.01	0.6 ± 0.01	0.3 ± 0.07	0.3 ± 0.01	0.7 ± 0.01	0.5 ± 0.01	0.5 ± 0.01	0.4 ± 0.01
60	Isochavicol 2-methyl Butyrate	1651	1648	3.1 ± 0.21	3.6 ± 0.01	3.4 ± 0.14	2.3 ± 0.21	2.3 ± 0.14	2.3 ± 0.01	2.0 ± 0.07	2.6 ± 0.28
60a	Bisabolol oxide B	1654	1650	0.6 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	0.1 ± 0.01	1.7 ± 0.01	2.5 ± 0.01	1.3 ± 0.01	2.4 ± 0.21
62	Heptadecane	1700	1703	6.0 ± 0.28	1.9 ± 0.28	1.6 ± 0.14	1.7 ± 0.07	7.1 ± 0.35	5.0 ± 0.42	5.1 ± 0.49	4.5 ± 0.57
63	Benzyl benzoate	1730	1723	0.2 ± 0.01	tr	0.1 ± 0.01	0.2 ± 0.07	0.6 ± 0.07	0.5 ± 0.01	0.3 ± 0.01	0.5 ± 0.07
66	Hexadecanal	1782	1787	0.1 ± 0.01	tr	tr	tr	0.1 ± 0.01	tr	tr	tr
67	Neophytadiene	1807	1807	0.1 ± 0.01	tr	0.1 ± 0.01	tr	tr	tr	tr	tr
	% d'identification			92,8 ± 0.35	98,8 ± 0.78	94,8 ± 0.64	98 ± 0.64	91,6 ± 0.64	91,2 ± 0.49	94,2 ± 0.85	97,5 ± 0.35
	Total area 10^{5 e}			280,1	247,7	267,9	260,4	524,5	535,7	549,3	558,2
	Hydrocarbon compounds			29,7	21,5	18,8	19,0	30,9	24,7	32,5	29,9
	Oxygenated compounds			63,1	77,3	76,0	79,0	60,7	66,5	61,7	67,6
	Aliphatic compounds			29,0	21,5	20,0	20,2	31,5	27,8	29,2	27,0
	Phenylpropanoid compounds			48,1	64,4	61,6	63,8	48,7	53,4	51,3	56,5
	Hydrocarbon non-terpenic compounds			16,3	9,7	7,2	6,8	23,1	19,1	21,7	19,9
	Hydrocarbon monoterpenes			5,4	3,9	4,1	3,9	2,4	2,0	4,3	5,5
	Hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes			7,9	7,9	7,4	8,3	5,4	3,6	6,5	4,5
	Hydrocarbon diterpenes			0,1	-	0,1	-	-	-	-	-
	Oxygenated non-terpenic compounds			60,8	76,2	74,4	77,2	57,1	62,1	58,8	63,6
	Oxygenated monoterpenes			0,1	0,1	0,2	0,2	-	0,5	0,5	0,2
	Oxygenated sesquiterpenes			2,2	1,0	1,4	1,6	3,6	3,9	2,4	3,8

^a Order of elution is given on apolar column (Rtx-1). Numbers correspond to those in table 1. The compounds that the number is followed by a letter were only identified in HS-fractions.
^b Retention indices of literature on the apolar column (lRIa) reported from [12–18].
^c Retention indices on the apolar Rtx-1 column (RIa).
^d Percentages (means of three analyses) obtained by GC-FID (on RTX-1: apolar column) with peak-area normalization under optimized HS-SPME parameters: temperature: 70°C; equilibrium time: 60 min; extraction time: 30 min. Sample locations: Bensekrane (A), Sid Abdeli (B), Terni (C) and Beni Snous (D).
^e Total area is expressed in arbitrary units.
^£ The volatile components identified exclusively from the HS-fractions were affected by a letter. Compounds identified from commercial data libraries: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1999 (1b, 12, 15c, 17a, 19d, 20b); and literature data: König WA, Hochmuth DH, Joulain D, 2001 (3a, 13a, 19b, 19c, 24a, 32b, 35, 36, 36a, 38a, 41, 42).

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