Skip to main content
  • Research article
  • Open access
  • Published:

Development and validation of LC/MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of montelukast, gliclazide, and nifedipine and its application to a pharmacokinetic study

Abstract

Background

Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist for treatment of asthma, gliclazide is an oral hypoglycemic antidiabetic agent, and nifedipine is a calcium channel blocker used for treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension. These drugs may be prescribed to patients suffering from these chronic diseases. A survey of the literature reveals that there is no reported method for the simultaneous determination of montelukast, gliclazide, and nifedipine in pharmaceutical preparations or biological fluids.

Results

A simple, sensitive, and rapid method for the simultaneous quantification of montelukast, gliclazide, and nifedipine in human plasma was developed and validated. Montelukast, gliclazide, and nifedipine were resolved using rapid resolution LC/MS/MS Agilent system and SB-C18 (50 × 4.6 mm) 1.8 μm particle size column. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile: 0.1% formic acid (84:16). The three drugs were simultaneously extracted from plasma by protein precipitation with acetonitrile using zaferolukast as an internal standard. The method was validated according to FDA guidelines with good reproducibility and linearity of 0.999 and the limits of quantification were 0.11, 0.04, and 0.07 ng/mL for montelukast, gliclazide, and nifedipine, respectively. The accuracies of the three QCs for the three drugs were 99.48% (montelukast), 106.53% (gliclazide), and 108.03% (nifedipine) in human plasma. The validated method was applied to a pharmacokinetic study in human volunteers after oral administration of the three drugs. The applied LC/MS/MS method was shown to be sufficiently sensitive and suitable for pharmacokinetic studies.

Conclusion

The LC/MS/MS method was validated and successfully applied for the determination of montelukast, gliclazide, and nifedipine concentrations in human plasma.

Background

Montelukast, gliclazide, and nifedipine are drugs used for the management of chronic asthma and as prophylactic agents for exercise-induced asthma, treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension, respectively.

This study aimed to determine serum concentrations of these three drugs, which are often jointly prescribed to patients with chronic diseases such as asthma, hyperglycemia, and hypertension.

Montelukast sodium (MO), 1-[({(R)-m-[(E)-2-(7-chloro-2-quinolyl)-vinyl]-α-[o-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl) phenethyl]-benzyl}thio)methyl]cyclopropane acetate (Figure 1) is a selective leukotriene receptor antagonist for uses similar to those of zafirlukast, although it is reported to have a longer duration of action [1]. Gliclazide (GL), N-(4-methylbenzenesulfonyl)-N- (3-azabicyclo- [3.3.0] oct-3-) urea (Figure 1) is a second-generation sulfonylurea [2]. Nifedipine (NI), dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, is a calcium channel blocker that inhibits the trans-membrane influx of Ca2+ into cardiac muscle cells and vascular smooth muscle through specific ion channels [3–5].

Figure 1
figure 1

Chemical structures of montelukast, gliclazid and nifedipine.

Several methods have been developed to quantitatively estimate MO concentration, including voltammetry [6], capillary electrophoresis [7], spectroflurometry [8], spectrophotometry [9], and liquid chromatography (LC) [10–19]. Some of these methods were developed to monitor pharmaceutical dosage forms [14–17] and drug concentrations in biological fluids [8–13, 18, 19].

On the other hand, GL concentrations have been individually determined using spectrophotometry [20–22], radioimmunoassay [23], gas chromatography [24], HPLC [25–28], and mass spectroscopy [29, 30]. In addition, GL concentrations have been determined in mixtures with metformin [31–34], metformin and pioglitazone [35], and rosiglitazone [36].

A detailed survey of the literature for NI revealed several reported methods for the assay of NI either alone or in combined drug formulations. These analytical techniques include spectrophotometry [37–42], HPLC [43–47], high performance thin layer chromatography [48], micellar electrokinetic chromatography [49], electroanalytical methods [50, 51], flow injection analysis [52], and mass spectrometry [53, 54].

The present study aimed to develop a simple, sensitive, reproducible, and rapid LC/MS/MS method to monitor plasma levels of montelukast, gliclazide, and nifedipine for application in pharmacokinetic studies and routine clinical practice.

Experimental

Chemicals and materials

MO standard material (99.5% potency) and zaferolukast (ZA) (I.S.) (99.3% potency) were kindly supplied by Merck. GL and NI standard material (99.22% and 99.8% potency, respectively) was kindly supplied by Sigma-Aldrich Co. (UK). Singulair 10 mg tablets (MO) (Merk&Co. Inc-USA), Diamicron 80 mg tablets (GL) (Servier), and Epilat retard 20 mg tablets (NI) by EPICO, Egypt.

Formic acid was purchased from Romil chemicals, England) and acetonitrile and methanol (HPLC grade) were purchased from, Alpha Chemicals, Egypt). Deionized water was obtained from a Milli-Q water purification system 3 (Millipore, France), and human plasma was supplied by VACSERA, Egypt). The mobile phase was filtered through a 0.45-μm Whatman membrane filter.

Instruments and chromatographic conditions

An Agilent triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with an API source coupled with an Agilent pump controlled by an Agilent 1200 controller and equipped with an Agilent 1200 autosampler injector was used for analysis. Separation was performed using an analytical Agilent SB-C18 column (50 × 4.6 mm) with particle size of 1.8 μm. The mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile: 0.1% formic acid (84:16), was delivered at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min.

Mass spectra were obtained using an electrospray ionization source operated in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Sample introduction and ionization were both performed in the positive ion mode (MO, GL, and NI) and negative ion mode (ZA). The cone voltage was set at 135 V for both MO and GL and 80 V and 150 V for NI and ZA, respectively. The capillary voltage was optimized at 4000 V. Argon was used as the collision gas. The collision energy was set at 20, 15, 5, and 25 MeV for MO, GL, NI, and ZA, respectively. Optimal gas flow during tuning was 8 L/min and nebulizer pressure was 30 psi. The source temperature was 325°C. The selected mass transitions ion pairs were 586.2/568.3, 324.4/127.2, 347.3/315.2 at (positive ion) and 574.6/462.2 at (negative ion) for MO, GL, NI, and ZA (I.S.), respectively. Agilent Mass Hunter software was used for data acquisition. For quantification, the peak area ratios of the target ions of the drugs to those of the internal standard were compared with weighted (1/concentration2) least square calibration curves in which the peak area ratios of the calibration standards were plotted versus their concentrations.

Preparation of stock solutions and calibration standards

Stock solutions of each of the MO, GL, NI, and ZA (I.S.) samples were prepared in methanol at a concentration of 100.0 μg/mL and stored at 4°C. Handling and analysis of all samples were performed under diffused light conditions (prepared away from light using opaque glasses and aluminum foil). Evaluations of the assay were performed by seven point calibration curves made by serial dilutions of the stock solution of each drug at the nominal concentration ranges of 10.0–800.0 ng/mL, 10.0–5000.0 ng/mL, and 10.0–600.0 ng/mL for MO, GL, and NI, respectively, in human plasma. The slopes and intercepts of the calibration lines were determined.

Sample preparation

Sample preparation was performed by liquid–liquid extraction of 100 μL of plasma by protein precipitation using 300 μL of acetonitrile. A 5.0-μL aliquot of the internal standard solution was added. The mixture was then shaked by vortex for 30 s and centrifuged for 10 min at 4000 rpm. A 20 μL aliquot of the supernatant was injected into the LC/MS/MS instrument.

Clinical protocol

This method was applied for the analysis of plasma samples after the administration of a single dose of 10 mg MO (Singulair tablets), 80 mg GL (Diamicron tablets), and 20 mg NI (Epilat retard tablets) to six healthy male volunteers. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Bioavailability Studies (NODCAR). The age of the volunteers ranged from 29 to 39 years and the body weights of the subjects ranged from 58 to 71 kg. All subjects provided written informed consent. The study was conducted in accordance with the provisions of the Declaration of Helsinki. After an overnight fast for 10 h, all volunteers received a single dose of the three drugs with 200 mL of water. Blood samples (3 mL) from a suitable antecubital vein were collected into heparin-coated tubes at 0.0 (before dose), 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3, 4, 6.0, 8.0, 10.0, 12.0, 24.0, and 48.0 h post dosing. The blood samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 5 min at room temperature and the plasma was removed and stored at −80°C until assayed for MO, GL, and NI content. All samples from a single volunteer were analyzed in the same run in order to avoid inter-assay variations.

Pharmacokinetic analysis

Pharmacokinetic parameters from the human plasma samples were calculated by a noncompartmental model using the WinNonlin 5.3 software. Blood samples were taken for a period of 48 h. and it was considered as the area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) ratios were higher than 80% as per FDA guidelines [55, 56]. The first-order terminal elimination rate constant (Kel) was estimated by linear regression from the points describing the elimination phase on a log-linear plot. The maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax) and the time taken to achieve this maximum level (tmax) were directly obtained from the curves.

The areas under the time-concentration curve for MO, GL, and NI plasma concentration versus time for 48 h (AUC0–48) were calculated using the trapezoidal method. Extrapolation of this area to infinity (AUC0–∞) was performed by adding the value C48/Kel to the calculated AUC0–48 where C48 is the MO, GL, and NI plasma concentration at 48 h. Kel is the first-order terminal elimination rate constant.

Results and discussion

New methods for simultaneous determination of two or more compounds without interference from each other are always of interest. The goal of this work was to develop and validate a simple, rapid, and sensitive LC/MS/MS assay method for simultaneous extraction and quantification of montelukast, gliclazide, and nifedipine in plasma and to apply this method in a pharmacokinetic study. To achieve these goals, during method development, different options were evaluated to optimize sample extraction, detection parameters, and chromatography.

Method development

LC conditions were optimized to obtain a short run time and adequate resolution between MO, GL, NI, and the internal standard ZA. Several trials were performed to select an optimal ratio of acetonitrile to 0.1% formic acid. These trials determined that 86% acetonitrile ratio was optimal for simultaneous separation of the three drugs. Using this mobile phase delivered at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min resulted in improved signals when compared with different ratios of same reagents. In addition, MS parameters were optimized to obtain maximum sensitivity.

Electrospray ionization (ESI) was evaluated to obtain a better response from the analytes. The best signal was achieved using an ESI-positive ion mode for MO, GL, and NI, and negative ion mode for ZA. The product ion spectrum for MO, GL, NI, and ZA yielded a high abundance of fragment ions of m/z 568.3, 127.2, 315.2, and 462.2, respectively (Figure 2). The representative extracted ion chromatograms of the three drugs and the internal standard are shown in Figure 3.

Figure 2
figure 2

Mass spectra of the positive ion of montelukast (MO), gliclazide (GL), nifedipine (NI) and negative ion zaferolukast (ZA) internal standard.

Figure 3
figure 3

MRM chromatograms of blank plasma (A), gliclazide (B), nifedipine (C), zaferolukast (D) and montelukast (E).

Method validation

Selectivity, linearity, limit of detection, and limit of quantitation

The selectivity of the method was evaluated by comparing the chromatograms obtained from the MO, GL, and NI samples and the internal standard with those obtained from the blank samples. A representative chromatogram obtained from blank plasma is shown in Figure 3A. The chromatograms of the spiked plasma samples are shown in Figure 3B, C, D, and E. Under the optimized conditions, a linear relationship with a good correlation coefficient (r = 0.999, n = 6) was observed between the peak area ratios and the concentrations of MO, GL, and NI in the range of 10.0–800.0, 10.0–5000.0, and 10.0–600.0 ng/mL, respectively. The experiments were performed using a standard seven-point series for each drug.

The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were calculated according to the ICH guidelines for validation of analytical procedures based on the standard deviation of the response and the slope of the calibration curve [57] using the formula: LOD or LOQ = κσ/S, where κ = 3.3 for LOD and 10 for LOQ, σ is the standard deviation of the response, and S is the slope of the calibration curve. Calculations of six replicate experimental injections determined LODs of 0.04, 0.01, and 0.02 ng/mL and LOQs of 0.11, 0.04, and 0.07 ng/mL for MO, GL, and NI, respectively.

Accuracy and precision

The accuracy and precision of the proposed method were determined by intra-day and inter-day replicate analyses of plasma spiked with different concentrations of each drug covering the working linear ranges. The inter-day assays were carried out on three different days with the same concentration levels for spiked plasma samples. The accuracy values from the intra-day analysis were 94.59% –105.58%, 89.75% −114.86%, and 83.46%–110.22%, whereas the values for the inter-day analysis were 93.11%, −109.32%, 99.93%–106.16%, and 97.90%–114.82% for MO (Table 1), GL (Table 2), and NI (Table 3), respectively, indicating the accuracy and precision of the proposed method. The volunteer samples that had greater concentrations compared with the highest concentration in the validation were diluted before injection and the actual concentrations were recalculated.

Table 1 Intra-day and inter-days precision and accuracy for determination of montelukast in spiked human plasma
Table 2 Intra-day and inter-days precision and accuracy for determination of gliclazide in spiked human plasma
Table 3 Intra-day and inter-days precision and accuracy for determination of nifedipine in spiked human plasma

Application to pharmacokinetic study

The method described here was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of MO, GL, and NI in plasma samples from healthy human volunteers. None of the volunteers exhibited any general adverse reactions. Following oral drug administration, plasma concentration–time profiles of the three drugs best fit a non-compartment in all subjects. A representative MRM chromatogram of a plasma sample extracted from a healthy volunteer at 6 h is shown in Figure 4. A representative plasma concentration–time profile is shown in Figure 5. The estimated pharmacokinetic parameters are shown in Table 4.

Figure 4
figure 4

MRM chromatogram of Gliclazide (GL), Nifedipine (NI), zaferolukast (ZA), and Motelukast (MO) extracted from plasma sample of healthy volunteer (Subject No. 2, at 6 h.).

Figure 5
figure 5

Mean (±SD) Plasma Concentration versus time of montelukast (A), gliclazide (B) and nifedipine (C) following simultaneous administration of montelukast (10 mg), gliclazide (80 mg) and nifedipine (20 mg) Tablets to six healthy male volunteers.

Table 4 Pharmacokinetic Parameters required for assessment of Montelukast, Gliclazide and Nifedipine Bioavailability

Conclusions

The results of this study showed that the validated LC/MS/MS method proved to be a simple, rapid, reliable, selective, and sensitive method sufficient for simultaneous monitoring of pharmacokinetic parameters of montelukast, gliclazide, and nifedipine. A small plasma sample volume and LOQ were sufficiently sensitive to detect terminal phase concentrations of the drugs.

Abbreviations

MO:

Montelukast sodium

GL:

Gliclazide

NI:

Nifedipine

LC/MS/MS:

Liquid chromatography/Mass/Mass spectrometry

LOD:

Limit of detection

LOQ:

Limit of quantification

I.S:

Internal standard.

References

  1. García-Marcos L, Schuster A, Pérez-Yarza EG: Benefit-risk assessment of antileukotrienes in the management of asthma. Drug Saf. 2003, 26: 483-518. 10.2165/00002018-200326070-00004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Palmer KJ, Brogden N: Gliclazide an update of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Drugs. 1993, 46: 92-125. 10.2165/00003495-199346010-00007.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Miller RJ: Multiple calcium channels and neuronal function. Science. 1987, 235: 46-52. 10.1126/science.2432656.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Murdoch D, Brogden RN: Sustained release nifedipine formulations: an appraisal of their current uses and prospective roles in the treatment of hypertension, ischaemic heart disease and peripheral vascular disorders. Drugs. 1993, 41: 737-779.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Weetman SC: Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia. 2002, London: Royal Pharmaceutical Society, 940-946. 33

    Google Scholar 

  6. Alsarra I, Al-Omar M, Gadkariem EA, Belal F: Voltammetric determination of montelukast sodium in dosage forms and human plasma. Farmaco. 2005, 60: 563-567. 10.1016/j.farmac.2005.04.004.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Shakalisava Y, Regan F: Determination of montelukast sodium by capillary electrophoresis. J Sep Sci. 2008, 31: 1137-1143. 10.1002/jssc.200700591.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Alsarra I, Khalil NY, Sultan M, Al-Ashban R, Belal F: Spectrofluorometric determination of montelukast in dosage forms and spiked human plasma. Pharmazie. 2005, 60: 823-826.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Saeed Arayne M, Sultana N, Hussain F: Spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of montelukast in bulk, pharmaceutical formulations and human serum. J Anal Chem. 2009, 64: 690-695. 10.1134/S1061934809070065.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Bharathi DV, Hotha KK, Jagadeesh B, Mullangi R, Naidu A: Quantification of montelukast, selective cysteinyl leukotriene receptor (CysLT1) antagonist In human plasma by liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry- validation and its application to a human pharmacokinetic study. Biomed Chromatogr. 2009, 23: 804-810. 10.1002/bmc.1189.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Sripalakit P, Kongthong B, Saraphanchotiwitthaya A: A simple bioanalytical assay for determination of montelukast in human plasma- application to a pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2008, 869: 38-44. 10.1016/j.jchromb.2008.05.017.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Smith GA, Rawls CM, Kunka RL: An automated method for the determination of montelukast in human plasma using dual-column HPLC analysis and peak height summation of the parent compound and its photo degradation product. Pharm Res. 2004, 21: 1539-1544.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Papp R, Luk P, Mullett WM, Kwong E: A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of montelukast in sheep plasma using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2007, 858: 282-286. 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.08.003.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Saravanan M, Siva Kumari K, Pratap Reddy P, Naidu MN, Moses Babu J, Srivastava AK, Lakshmi Kumar T, Chandra Sekhar BV, Satyanarayana B: Identification, synthesis, isolation and spectral characterization of potential impurities of montelukast sodium. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2008, 48: 708-715. 10.1016/j.jpba.2008.07.007.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Al Omari MM, Zoubi RM, Hasan EI, Khader TZ, Badwan AA: Effect of light and heat on the stability of montelukast in solution and in its solid state. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2007, 45: 465-471. 10.1016/j.jpba.2007.07.014.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Hoang TH, Sharma R, Susanto D, Di Maso M, Kwong E: Microwave-assisted extraction of active pharmaceutical ingredient from solid dosage forms. J Chromatogr A. 2007, 1156: 149-153. 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.02.060.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Prashanth Kumar K, Akiful Haque M, Pradeep Kumar T, Nivedita G, Hasan Amrohi S, Prasad VV, Prakash VD: Simultaneous determination of Montelukast sodium and fexofenadine hydrochloride in combined dosage form by using RP-HPLC method. World J Chem. 2012, 7 (2): 42-46.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Balasekhara RC, Bahlul ZA, Babu RC, Mukkanti K, Chandrasekhar BK: Method development and validation of Montelukast in human plasma by HPLC coupled with ESI-MS/MS: application to a bioequivalence study. Sci Pharm. 2010, 78: 411-422. 10.3797/scipharm.1002-07.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Alireza S, Afshin Z, Seyed MF, Arash K, Babak M: Rapid and sensitive determination of Montelukast in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatographic method using monolithic column: application to pharmacokinetic studies. J Bioequiv Availab. 2010, 2: 135-138.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Revathi R, Saravanan VS, Mohan Raj P, Ethiraj T, Ganesan V: Spectrophotometric Estimination of Gliclazide in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms. Int Res J Pharm. 2010, 1: 277-281.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Samina AJ, Snehal PM, Poonam SK, Yogesh VP, Kishor BB: Development and validation of UV spectrophotometric method for the determination of Gliclazide in tablet dosage form. Der Pharma Chemica. 2011, 3: 338-343.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Pinderjit S, Rajnish K, Harinder S: Application of UV spectrophotometric method for analysis of gliclazide in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2011, 3: 259-260.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Suzuki H, Miki M, Sekine Y, Kagemoto A, Negoro T, Maeda T, Hashimoto M: Determination of new hypoglycaemic drug Gliclazide in human serum by radio immunoassay. J Pharmacobiodyn. 4 (3): 217-225.

  24. Maeda T, Yamaguchi T, Hashimoto M: Gas chromatographic determination of the hypoglycaemic agent gliclazide in plasma. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1981, 223: 357-363. 10.1016/S0378-4347(00)80108-5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Kuo CY, Wu SM: High-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection for analysis of gliclazide in plasma. J Chromatogr A. 2005, 1088: 131-135. 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.12.097.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Damanjeet G, Lakshmi GG: HPLC method for determination of Gliclazide in human serum. Asian j Chem. 2009, 21: 4258-4264.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Park JY, Kim KA, Kim SL, Park PW: Quantification of gliclazide by semi-micro high-performance liquid chromatography: application to a bioequivalence study of two formulations in healthy subjects. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2004, 35: 943-949. 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.02.025.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Jia-Feng Y: Determination of Gliclazide in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography. Asian J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2004, 4: 231-234.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Maurer HH, Kratzsch C, Kraemer T, Peters FT, Weber AA: Screening, library-assisted identification and validated quantification of oral antidiabetics of the sulfonylurea-type in plasma by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Anal Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2002, 773: 63-73.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Wang CY, Zhang W, Xiang BR, Yu LY, Ma PC: Liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry method for the determination of gliclazide in human plasma and application to a pharmacokinetic study of gliclazide sustained release tablets. Arzneimittelforschung. 2008, 58 (12): 653-658.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Ediga V, Krishna R, Chandra KS: A new simple RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of Metformin Hcl and Gliclazide tablet dosage form. Int J Pharm Bio Sci. 2012, 4: 277-283.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Kanij F, Md Zakir R, Tasnuva H, Mohammad Abul Kalam A, Md Selim R: Development and validation of a simple method for simultaneous estimation of Metformin hydrochloride and gliclazide in tablets by using RP-HPLC. Dhaka Univ J. Pharm Sci. 2010, 9: 83-89.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Dhabale PN, Seervi CR: Simultaneous UV spectrophotometric method for estimation of gliclazide and metformine hydrochloride in tablet dosage form. Int J Chem Tech Res. 2010, 2: 813-817.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Ketan PD, Parthika AN, Yadvendra KA: Development and validation of spectrophotometric method for simultaneous estimation of gliclazide and metformin hydrochloride in bulk and tablet dosage form by simultaneous equation method. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2011, 2: 1559-1563.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Nazar Mustafa M, Anurekha J: Simultaneous estimation of metformin hydrochloride, pioglitazone hydrochloride and gliclazide by validated rp-hplc method in solid dosage form. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2012, 4: 72-76.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Rathinavel G, Umanath U, JValaramathy J, Samuel Joshua L, Selvin Thanuja C, Ganesh M, Shivkumar T, Priyadarsini R: RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of rosiglitazone and gliclazide in tablets. E J chem. 2009, 6 (4): 1188-1192. 10.1155/2009/298379.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Kasture AV, Ramteke M: Simultaneous UV-Spectrophotometric methods for the estimation of Atenolol and Nifedipine in solid dosage forms. Ind J Pharm Sci. 2005, 67: 752-754.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Hemmateenejada B, Miri R, Kamali R: A Kinetic spectrophotometric method for determination of amlodipine and Nifedipine in pharmaceutical preparations. J Iran Chem Soc. 2009, 6: 113-120. 10.1007/BF03246509.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Rahman N, Najmul S, Azmi H: New spectrophotometric methods for the determination of nifedipine in pharmaceutical formulations. Acta Biochim Pol. 2005, 52: 915-922.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Sastry CSP, Chintalapati R, Venkateswarlu R: A simple spectrophotometric method for estimation of nifedipine. J Inst Chem. 1997, 69: 187-

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Revathi R, Ethiraj T, Saravanan VS, Ganeshan V, Saranya V, Sengottuvel T: New spectrophotometric determination of nifedipine using hydrotropic solubilization. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2010, 2: 74-76.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Segun AA, Olajire AA, Olakunle SI: A new colorimetric method for thedetermination of nifedipine tablets by derivatization using 4-carboxyl 2,6dinitrobenzene diazonium ion. Int J Ind Chem. 2012, 3: 1-8. 10.1186/2228-5547-3-1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Yritia M, Parra P, Igelisias E, Barbanoj JM: Quantitation of nifedipine inhuman plasma by on-line solid-phase extraction and high-performanceliquid chromatography. J Chromatog A. 2000, 870: 115-119. 10.1016/S0021-9673(99)01094-8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Zendelovska D, Simeska S, Sibinovska O, Kostova E, Milosevska K, Jakovski K, Jovanovska E, Kikerkov I, Trojacanec J, Zafirov D: Development of an HPLC method for the determination of nifedipine in human plasma by solid-phase extraction. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2006, 24 (839): 85-88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Awad Uday Y, Shravan Kumar P, Dinesh Kumar A, Bari S: Estimation of nifedipine by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography tablet dosage form. Int. J. of Pharm. & Life Sci. 2011, 2: 610-612.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Ahmad M, Ahmad T, Sultan RA, Murtaza G: Pharmacokinetic Study ofNifedipine in Healthy Adult Male Human Volunteers. Trop J Pharm Res. 2009, 8 (5): 385-391.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Mahmood A, Tasneem A, Rafi AS, Jamal K, Ghulam M: Bioavailability andpharamcotherapeutics of nifedipine in human after single oral dose administration. Acta Pharmaceutica Sciencia. 2010, 52: 45-54.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Patravale VB, Nair VB, Gore SP: High performance thin layer chromatographic determination of nifedipine from bulk drug and from pharmaceuticals. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2000, 23: 623-627. 10.1016/S0731-7085(00)00317-4.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Bretnall AE, Clarke GS: Investigation and optimisation of the use of micellar electrokinetic chromatography for the analysis of six cardiovascular drugs. J Chromatogr A. 1995, 700: 173-178. 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00112-Z.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Dumitrescu V, David V, Pavel A: Polarographic determination of nifedipine and chloramphinicol. Rev Chim. 2001, 52: 317-320.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Ghoneim MM, Tawfik A, Khashaba PY: Cathodic adsorptive stripping square-wave voltammertic detetermination of nifedipine drug in bulk, pharmaceutical formulation and human serum. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2003, 375: 369-375.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Richter P, Toral MI, Quiroz G, Jaque P: Flow-through polarographic cell for flow-injection analysis determination of nifedipine in pharmaceutical formulations. Lab Rob Autom. 1997, 9: 255-262. 10.1002/(SICI)1098-2728(1997)9:5<255::AID-LRA5>3.0.CO;2-#.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Streel B, Zimmer C, Sibernaler R, Ceccato A: Simultaneous determination of nifedipine and dehydronifedipine in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1998, 720: 119-128. 10.1016/S0378-4347(98)00423-X.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Srinivas R, Iqbal A, Nirmala N, Saral T, Arindam M: Estimation of nifedipine in human plasma by LC/MS/MS. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2013, 6: 83-86.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Food and Drug Administration (FDA): Guidance for Industry Food- Effect bio Availability and Fed Bio Equivalence Studies. 2002, USA: U.S. Department of Health and Human services Food and Drug Administration Centre for Drug Evaluation and research (CDER)

    Google Scholar 

  56. Food and Drug Administration (FDA): Guidance for Industry Bio Availability and Fed Bio Equivalence Studies for Orally Administered Drug Products-General Considerations. 2003, USA: U.S. Department of Health and Human services Food and Drug Administration Centre for Drug Evaluation and research (CDER)

    Google Scholar 

  57. ICH Guideline, Q2(R1): Validation of Analytical Procedure. 2005, London: Text and Methodology London

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

The authors extend their appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for funding the work through the research group project No. RGP-VPP-262.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Essam Ezzeldin.

Additional information

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Authors’ contributions

EE proposed the subject, designed the study, conducted pharmacokinetic and statistical analysis, participated in the results discussion and revised manuscript. NFA participated in study design, assay design, literature review, conducted the validation of the assay, analysis of the samples, participated in the results discussion and participated in preparing the manuscript. MHT participated in study design, assay design, literature review, conducted the validation of the assay, analysis of the samples, participated in the results discussion and participated in preparing the manuscript. AAA participated in the writing the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript

Authors’ original submitted files for images

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ezzeldin, E., Abo-Talib, N.F., Tammam, M.H. et al. Development and validation of LC/MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of montelukast, gliclazide, and nifedipine and its application to a pharmacokinetic study. Chemistry Central Journal 8, 17 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-153X-8-17

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-153X-8-17

Keywords